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Cryptocoryne - Care and Technical Data Sheet

The Cryptocoryne genus is made up of 69 different species of plants, mostly aquatic. They belong to the Araceae family and it is a genus that is found abundantly by the East and South Asia in places like Sri Lanka, New Guinea, India and China.

The general name for this large number of plants is Cryptocoryne, which originates from the Latin Kryptos (hidden) and Koryne (cob). This name has to do with a kind of spike that is found inside plants and is shaped like an ear when viewed under a microscope.

ORIGINS OF THE SPECIES

The discoverer of the first species of Cryptocoryne known was the swedish Anders Retzius. In the XNUMXth century, the genus was described by the Russian Friedrich Ernst Ludwig von Fischer in 1828, but the scientific classification presents several difficulties and there are many opinions and controversies about this type of plants. Thanks to the aquarium hobby, this type of plant has become a more interesting research object for scientists and botanists. In the past, this plant went unnoticed as it was small and camouflaging itself among the rest of the vegetation around it, making it difficult to detect.

Because the growing sites are in remote areas, research on this species was complicated. After the findings on this plant in Borneo and the counting of its chromosomes, Much more information has been revealed about the internal and cellular structure of these plants. Legenandras are a group of plants closely related to Cryptocoryne, but the European Cryptocoryne Society (ECS), which meets every year, has managed to find notable biological differences to make the official classification of Cryptocoryne.

Its growth is low and begins in a rosette from which they emerge leaves with very different shapes and colors. Under this structure is the root system with the stems that are generally underground and that constitute the rhizome. Many of the Cryptocoryne grow with the rhizome underwater for most of the year, although their leaves can be on the surface, as long as the rhizome is underwater and is well attached to the substrate, you will not have problems. Thanks to this, its leaves are prepared to store water in its internal structure and survive well in times of low water. There are few varieties, such as Cryptocoryne Pontederiifolia that grows on the banks of streams and rivers, with leaves that remain emerged throughout the year.

This genus of plants is also known as the water trumpet because the flowers are shaped similar to trumpets. Both the female and male flowers are grouped around a stem with fleshy fibers in which the male flowers are located at the top, while the female flowers are below them. The internal structure of the flowers is designed to attract insects towards the inside. Once they arrive, they stay for a while while the male flowers are pollinated.

At LĂłleo Eventos, inner part of the flower teapot there is a valve through which the insects pass to the lowest area where the female flowers are found. This valve that encloses the place where the female flowers are found only reopens when flowers have been pollinated and the insects can't get out for a few minutes. Because male flowers pollinate first, when female flowers begin this process, male flowers are already can start producing pollen and the insect is impregnated of the pollen it receives from the male varieties. After this you can move on to another flower to pollinate much easier.

FORM OF GROWTH IN NATURAL CONDITIONS

The islands where these plants grow do not usually suffer from watery growing seasons. Nor are flooding or rains observed too frequently. Some islands like Irrawaddy or Mekong, where they are in their natural habitat These plants present streams where the river stream, but due to the steepness of these, the floods do not last long.

However, there are many classes of Cryptocoryne that have grown on substrates and different natural conditions, so it is important to review the original conditions of the plants to replicate them in the aquarium. A common trait for all, es that are affected by little sun exposure. In these cases it is possible that they have growth problems or suffer from diseases in the aquarium.

These are amphibian plants that can grow underwater or emerged. Most of them do it emergencies, because the river beds do not usually grow enough to completely exceed the height of these plants. Flow rates can vary greatly depending on where they are and the time of year, but Cryptocoryne are able to adapt to fast or slow flow rates.

The biotypes in which they grow and the evolution of these plants have made them adapt to many forms of life. They can not only live in fast and slow channels, some specimens can also survive in water formations They fill up during the water growing season, but stay totally dry during the drought. Small puddles or lakes can suffer from these eventualities and Cryptocoryne can live in these conditions for some time because they are capable of storing water within them.

AQUARIUS BALANCE

Although there are many species of these plants, most share the domestic living conditions in which they must remain when they are in your aquarium. The CO2 It can greatly help their growth and accelerate this process. These levels can be increased with increased exposure to light, especially in sunlight. However, this may be a condition for growth and algae overpopulation. In the event that you have some algae eaters in the aquarium, this will not be a problem because they will be kept under control.

The smaller varieties are those that can benefit the most from CO2, also those found in the front or upper parts of the aquarium. In the middle and lower parts of the aquarium, those with the highest growth should be kept. The natural waters where this plant grows are usually tropical and warm, this is why it is important to maintain a good temperature range. The temperature needs of other aquarium inhabitants must also be taken into account so that they are all compatible.

A rank between 20 ÂşC and 29 ÂşC it is the general parameter in which most Cryptocorynes should be kept. The pH level is quite wide and they can live between 5 and 8. As long as the biochemical level of the water remains stable With the care that must be given to fish and plants, there should be no imbalances in the hardness of the Carbon. Although this parameter should be kept between 1 and 18 dGH, while the general hardness should be between 0 and 30 dKH.

CRYPTOCORYNES CONSIDERATIONS

The overall dimensions of the aquarium can vary greatly depending on the Cryptocoryne species. Although it may seem that they are fine in a small aquarium, it must be taken into account that several living beings live in an aquarium that produce biological waste that is maintained and multiplied in the water, so it is necessary not to overcrowd the aquarium. Although plants are a good way to keep water clean, regular water changes cannot be substituted for plants. 

The vast majority of aquarium plants do best in mature aquariums. Letting the aquarium find its biological balance for a few weeks is the best way to avoid growth problems or plant diseases. Some varieties of Cryptocoryne are capable of well populating an aquarium of about 90 liters, but due to its slow growth, patience must be exercised in this process. It is good to keep them in your quarantine aquarium to avoid pests or diseases in the community aquarium. The quarantine aquarium must have the same water conditions as the community aquarium.

When a plant arrives in a new aquarium, it may take a few weeks to foliate new flowers, so it is necessary to wait for the plant to adapt to the water conditions. When the first new leaves, these are likely to be very fragile and end up dying very soon, but it is a natural process and from this moment the plant will begin to grow in just the right time.

In this first stage it is vital to keep the water parameters as controlled as possible because excess water nitrate contributes to leaf fall.

Several species of Cryptocoryne grow horizontally, so their reproduction can be complicated, but the most effective way is through the division of the rhizome. What to avoid in most circumstances is transplant unnecessarily the plant because they are very sensitive to change.

The substrate they need is gravel or fine sand and you can contribute to plant health using fertilizers. In the case of arena, it is best to use fertilizer tablets because they reduce the amount of nitrates wasted to the minimum possible. In the event that it is used land, it is best to choose one that is already fertilized so that these nutrients are absorbed by the plants and do not become food for algae or overfeeding for fish.

CO2 also helps growth, but they must be taken precautions to avoid algae pests. It should also be taken into account that the more the plant grows thanks to the nutrients, they must be done sanitation pruning and maintenance more often so that new leaves grow healthy.

CRYPTOCORYN DISEASES

CHLOROSIS

When these plants are found in rivers and streams, may have some iron and potassium deficiencies. It is good to add a supplement of these nutrients in the first stages of adaptation of the plant. When these levels are kept at optimal levels, the plants grow stronger and the holes in the leaves that are a symptom of poor nutrition are avoided.

Iron and potassium also decrease the chance that these plants will suffer from chlorosis. When there is not enough iron in the aquarium or the pH level is not suitable for these plants, you can see some yellow spots o yellow discolorations on the leaves of plants that are usually the first symptom of visible chlorosis.

GREEN ALGAE

The seaweed they do not represent a danger real for plants when kept under control. Are part of any ecosystem marine and freshwater formations. However, when there are too many, the most affected are the plants in an aquarium.

Green algae or green spots usually grow on inanimate aquarium objects like the filter, but are also common on slow-growing plants like Cryptocorynes. One of the most effective ways to combat this problem is maintain a well oxygenated aquarium; With a good filter, which moves the water enough, it will be more than enough for the oxygen to be what the plants need.

If you see a green stain or a small formation of algae, it is best to remove it as soon as possible to prevent proliferation. Algae eaters are always a good solution like the Zebra Nerite SnailsBut keeping phosphate levels in check and reducing exposure to light also helps with this purpose.

Necessary prune regularly the leaves that are close to the root because they are the oldest. As soon as a leaf falls from the plant, it is best to remove it to prevent it from becoming a nest of algae.

CRYPTOCORYNE ROT DISEASE

This is a very common syndrome that is well diagnosed when treated early. It is a disease that can severely affect all specimens in this group. The first symptom noticeable that can be observed by the aquarium keeper are holes in the limbs of the plant. The blade are those small formations that resemble veins and shape the entire leaf.

As the disease progresses, these holes grow, reaching the area of ​​the oldest leaves. The older leaves are among the first to be affected, but if the treatment is not carried out at this point, the syndrome progresses to affect the leaves that have recently just foliated. It can also reach the limit of the rhizome and cause the plant to die completely.

This is a very common disease suffered by Cryptocorynes. According to experimental tests, it has been shown that plants that are brought directly from their natural habitat to the aquarium are more sensitive to developing these symptoms.

The growing conditions that occur in this plant in its early stages seem to be one of the most determining factors. This disease is associated with physiological factors specific to the plant and it does not originate due to a virus or bacteria that they may acquire at some point in their life or during their transfers.

The most efficient way to delay or prevent the onset of this symptom is to maintain living conditions as stable as possible, since this was a species very sensitive to changes in its living conditions. When perform water changes, special care must be taken because it is usually one of the most common scenario of appearance of Cryptocoryne Rot.

As in most cases, an excess of nitrates also creates health problems for plants and fish. Cryptocoryne rot can also appear from an excess of unused nutrients. On the other hand, when new fish or plants are added to the aquarium it must be done progressively because each new inhabitant alters the chemical balance of the aquarium.

When the first symptoms of holes in the leaves appear, it is best to completely prune the leaf to prevent the disease from spreading more easily to healthy leaves. Control should also be kept on the leaves closest to the diseased leaves to detect the first symptoms at an early stage.

THRIPS BAUDINII AT CRYPTOCORYNES

Thrips Baudinii is a disease caused by insect larvae called Thrips Baudinii. When these larvae are in the growth stage they feed on plant tissues. A good solution and prevention for the appearance of this disease is to make bleach solutions diluted in water to avoid the appearance of these and other parasites. Especially when a new plant is added, It is advisable to pay special attention to the hygiene measures of the plants.  

This is a health problem that is not very common in Cryptocoryne, but it is best to avoid the conditions that give rise to this and other parasites. When this disease appears, its treatment can be quite difficult. The only efficient way known to fight this disease is doing use of insecticides, but this represents a danger to the other inhabitants of the aquarium. When it is necessary to apply these treatments, The rest of the aquarium fauna must be moved so that the plants receive this treatment separately.

CRYPTOCORYNE SPECIES

CRYPTOCORYNE PYGMAEA

Cryptocoryne Pygmaea aquarium plant

 

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This is one of the most famous Cryptocoryne varieties among home aquarium keepers. Like all its species, it does not require overly demanding care, but it grows best when it is provided with the living conditions it needs. It is also known as the Dwarf Crypt and is native to the Philippines. 

By its common name you might think that we are talking about a small plant, but the truth is that can grow quite large when it has enough space in the aquarium to spread its branches. When this plant is totally submerged under water, its growth is lower and its leaves do not reach their full size. A good amount of oxygen and moisture should always be provided for their growth.

This is a very good species if you are thinking of a first plant for your aquarium. It is also recommended for keepers who have recently started caring for aquatic plants and fish because your requirements are not demanding.

The coloration of this plant is very similar and varies between green or brown colors, similar to the other Cryptocoryne. However, a good way to know the state of health of this plant is when strange colorations are observed. In general, the colors of this plant are more intense and vibrant when they are in good living conditions.

This is a variety that It is very popular among the other aquarium plants such as Java Ferns, Anubias and Bucephalandras, and this is because they share the same requirements regarding their care. These plants are particularly susceptible to their growing conditions, so those that have been cultivated in vitro in laboratories, they present better strength.

The ideal temperature for Pygmaea is between 15ÂşC and 28ÂşC., with a pH between 5 and 8 with exposure to low light or placed in the middle areas of the aquarium so as not to receive more light than it needs. If you want to reproduce this plant, the best way to do it is by dividing its rhizome, because the sexual reproduction of this plant in a home aquarium is really very complicated.

CRYPTOCORYNE WENDTII

Cryptocoryne Wendtii Brown Aquarium Plant

 

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This is a very popular type of Cryptocoryne originating from Sri Lanka and it is one of the most widespread throughout the world. One of its most interesting peculiarities is that its coloration can vary between green, brown and reddish tones. Another very important variation within this species is the number of shapes and sizes that its leaves present. Some can measure 12 centimeters, while some specimens reach almost 18 cm.

As a general rule, it is easy to care for and does not need extra fertilizer, but even in its most fragile times, it does not present too many complications if they have a good aquarium where to grow. It is a plant that can adapt very well to various areas of the aquarium because it can tolerate little or a lot of light without major problems. Nevertheless, its leaves show a faster growth and a more abundant foliage when they receive little light. 

It responds well to CO2, but it is not necessary to make an extra injection of it to grow in good shape. What should be sought is a reasonable time to adapt to the aquarium and its nutrients when it first arrives, but this is a characteristic feature of all Cryptocoryne.

If the aquarium where they are going to stay has a limited space, it is best to place it as a background plant because it can fill the entire bottom of the aquarium with its leaves. At the time of reproduction, a part of the rhizome with some young, healthy leaves can be cut off to grow a new plant. It must always be taken into account that this is a type of plant that has a slow growth, some varieties can speed up this process a bit with greater exposure to light, but you must be patient. Getting a new mature plant can take a few months. 

If you want a greater presence of the Wendtii in the aquarium, a complete plant can be divided into several parts so that they grow separately and distribute them throughout the aquarium so that they have a greater presence. Some keepers choose to use their seeds for reproduction, but this has several drawbacks. You have to reproduce, exactly, the conditions of this plant in its natural habitat, and this in a home aquarium is very complicated.

During the first weeks of the plant you can see a deterioration in the leaves and the general colors of the plantIn the first place, you can think that it is a bad care and for this reason the plant has taken this aspect, but it is not like that. It must be taken into account that, although these are easy plants to care for and maintain, they are very sensitive to changes. Although it may seem that the plants have suffered a sudden decline, you only have to wait a bit to see new leaves and the plant is already adapted to its new home.

These plants can grow both submerged and emerged without problem, but they need temperatures between 15 ÂşC and 30 ÂşC. The pH can vary between 5 and 8.

CRYPTOCORYNE PONTEDERIFOLIA

Cryptocoryne Pontederifolia Aquarium Plant

 

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Originally, this plant was found in the populations of Borneo and in all Indonesia. It grows naturally in the warm and tropical waters of these areas, but it is also hardy enough to grow in places where there is not as much humidity or warmth.

This is a plant that is recommended for both beginners and experts in planted aquarium care. This is from the cryptocoryne group which is medium in size and that it can grow very well in small aquariums or in larger places. This is one of the best options for those who are not so familiar with the parameters of water.

For a Cryptocoryne, it is quite resistant to changing pH or temperature levels. As well can resist changes in the force of water or the amount of carbon. Because it is medium in size, it is best to place it in the company of other plants to achieve territorial divisions for the fish.

Another advantage of this plant is that it grows a little faster than the rest of the varieties of its species. It is important not to carry out too many transfers of this plant to avoid interruptions in its growth.

After the plant has established itself, it will begin to reproduce a kind of corridor where the new leaves will foliate. The stem and rhizome can be cut to reproduce this plant. Normally, replanting the Pontederiifolia in an aquarium with new water parameters does not offer major problems.

You can use an extra of CO2 to contribute to its faster and stronger growth, although it is not a necessity in the feeding of these plants. If you want to offer a nutrient supplement, this will come in handy. Nutrient-enriched fertilizers or substrates can be used, especially with Iron.

It is always important to quarantine the plants before bringing them to the community aquarium. Snails, viruses, and diseases may not have noticeable symptoms at first. This time allows to observe the plant more closely and it also reduces the chances of contagion.

This is a plant with large, broad leaves that work great as a home for eggs and fry. Another of the great advantages of this plant is that it is able to resist well some changes in the parameters of the water, especially when beginners are not so familiar with these practices.

The temperature between which they must live is between 17 ÂşC and 28 ÂşC, although it is always ideal to keep the temperature in a medium range. The 6 and 8 pH points are recommended for these plants.

CRYPTOCORYNE NEVILLI

Cryptocoryne Nevillii Aquarium Plant

 

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The dull green tone is a normal tone in these types of plants. This lack of intense coloration does not imply a failure in the care, but the plant presents this color in its leaves naturally. It is quite resistant and after a while planted, a kind of grass grows between the spaces of the rhizome, so it adds a very attractive appearance to the bottom of the aquarium.

Unlike several of its fellow species, the Nevilli grows fast and broad-leaved. This specimen can be larger and grows faster than a Cryptocoryne Parva. It is possible that this plant is confused with others such as Cryptocoryne Willisii, but this is because some mutations of plants native to Sri Lanka have given rise to varieties such as cryptocoryne beckettii and Cryptocoryne walkeri which are commonly confused with Nevilli. A good way to distinguish all these varieties is that Nevilli have shorter, oval-looking leaf blades.

This plant can grow out of the water and its foliage is more abundant when it is emerged; its stems are longer, as its leaves grow more robust. Nevertheless, It also grows submerged, but in this case it stays a little shorter. 

It can withstand temperatures ranging between 20 ÂşC and 30 ÂşC, but warmer temperatures are better for it. They can be used as foreground plants because they bear light very wellIn fact, under these circumstances they grow a little more easily. Although when they are with little sun exposure they are also able to stand upright.

The pH should not exceed the range of 5 and 6. The general hardness should be between 0 - 30ÂşdGH and with the carbonate hardness level between 1 and 18ÂşdKH. This is an easy plant to care for, but it is advisable to keep the water levels stable so as not to produce internal imbalances in the plant.

CRYPTOCORYNE WALKERI

Cryptocoryne Walkeri Aquarium Plant

 

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As a general rule, Cryptocoryne families do not need specific care, but some varieties require a bit more experience by the caregiver. This is not the case with Cryptocoryne Walkeri because its lighting requirements are not very demanding. The fish and other inhabitants of a beginner's home aquarium do not need a lot of sunlight, so it is necessary to observe the needs of others in the aquarium to know what kinds of plants to bring home. Walkeri need low to moderate lighting. 

In this case, CO2 can speed up the growth process a bit, but it can grow well without it, so it is best to take into account the needs of fish and other plants so as not to cause health problems for them. What can contribute a lot to this plant is a supplement with minerals such as calcium or iron. The feeding in the rivers and streams of Sri Lanka, where these plants normally grow, have specifications regarding the nutrient chain that must be replicated.

They can be grown well when they are emerged and submerged with no apparent difference in growth. When they are emerged, it is possible that some of their flowers remain on the surface of the aquarium. If you want to reproduce you can cut the rhizome and plant it in the substrate or tie it to objects in the aquarium such as rocks or pieces of wood.

If several parts of the rhizome are to be planted at the same time, it is best to leave a space of 2 cm apart so that all the plants have room to grow. This division is also important so that all have the same access to the amount of nutrients they need, but it must be taken into account that they grow slowly, so you must have patience to see the first leaves.

The parameters of the water are similar to the great majority of the plants of this family. The temperature must be kept between 15ÂşC and 29ÂşC. with a pH between 5 and 8. Its general growth ranges between 10 and 25 cm, so it is recommended for medium or large aquariums.

CRYPTOCORYNE PETCHII

Cryptocoryne Petchii Aquarium Plant

 

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This time we will talk about a variety that comes from the India and what has some pink tints very characteristic. Its leaves have a background color in brown tones, but on the underside of the leaves you can see a pink or purple color that extends to the stems. This plant usually grows to about 25 centimeters.

It is a slow growing variety that can be sped up with an extra dose of CO2 and is very easy to care for and reproduce. An enriched substrate or fertilizer are ideal for these types of plants. They are also one of the varieties most resistant to water changes like hardness or pH. The middle areas of the aquarium are where the colorations of its leaves look best because they contrast with the green and dark vegetation of the planted aquariums.

Its resistance to water changes is due to the fact that this is a variety that commonly is grown in vitro in specialized laboratories for them. In this way, their tissues and cell walls are more robust and resistant. In addition, this form of cultivation presents better guarantees of safety and health because the possibilities of disease transmission are reduced.

Light should be kept low or moderate so as not to reduce the growth of the plant. It reproduces by cutting its rhizome and creates a very attractive kind of plant soil in home aquariums. The neutral pH is one of the best and the ideal temperature is between the 22 ÂşC and 28 ÂşC.

CRYPTOCORYNE WENDTII RED

Cryptocoryne Wendtii Red Aquarium Plant

 

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This is another of the varieties that come out of dark colors and greens to bring more liveliness and color to the aquarium. The Wendtii Red needs an enriched substrate or fertilizers because this usually creates a strong and dense mass to distribute it through the underground channels of the aquarium, but for this process it needs a vegetable supplementation.

Supplementation is very important and should be accompanied by weekly water changes. Very extreme alterations in the biochemical balance should not be made so that the levels of toxic agents do not get out of control and affect the quality of the water.

All the continuous mutations who has suffered this Cryptocoryne has made it difficult to identify by an inexperienced caregiver. These variations have created new specimens with different shapes, sizes and types of leaves. The intensity of the light must be kept under control because prefer low light and it can tolerate medium light, but very intense light can cause pests and diseases. This is because the natural areas of Sri Lanka where they grow are usually shady and warm ecosystems.

When this plant first arrives in an aquarium it may start to drop leaves and it looks like a plant that has died, but this is a natural process in this family. It is best to be patient because after this adaptation period, the plant will begin to make new foliations.

For reproduction, use of a part of the rhizome that contains a healthy part of the stem and plant it in the substrate. The pruning of this plant should not be too recurrent because it is not a plant that spreads too much. Its leaves are quite dense, so they can cover entire areas of the aquarium.

HOW MUCH LIGHT DOES A PLANTED AQUARIUM NEED?

This is a difficult question in a universal way because aquarium plants are many and with very diverse needs. It is important that not only plants, but all aquarium inhabitants have the same lighting needs.

It is important to know that sun exposure can be good for many plants, but it is not the most recommended for home aquariums. When plants are in their natural ecosystems, their cellular configuration is prepared for this specific climate. In the evolution of species, plants have adapted their structure to the natural sunlight cycles in their natural environments.

Light is very important for plants because its photosynthesis process depends on the quantity and quality of this, which is their way of nourishing themselves. The lamps that are installed in a home aquarium must recreate, as best as possible, the solar radiation.

TYPES OF LIGHT FOR HOME AQUARIUMS

FLUORESCENCE and HQI

Intensity Watts x Liter Lumens x Liter
Low light Between 0 to 0,3 Watts x Liter. 30 lumens per liter.
Medium light Between 0,3 to 0,7 Watts x Liter. 50 lumens per liter.
High light Between 0.7 to 1 Watts x Liter. 70 lumens x Liter.
Very high light More than one Watt per Liter. 100 lumens per liter.

LED LIGHTING

Intensity Lumens x Liter
Low light Between 0 and 15 lumens per liter.
Medium light Between 15 and 25 lumens per liter.
High light Between 25 and 35 lumens per liter.
Very high light More than 35 lumens per liter.

FERTILIZER FOR AQUARIUM PLANTS

Composting is a good way to accelerate the growth process. They are also important in helping plants to protect yourself from diseases and pests. To get your aquarium with abundant and healthy plant species it is necessary to take care of 3 physical aspects; lighting, substrate and a good compost. Composting may seem like a complicated topic, but don't get carried away and find out about the compost needs of aquarium inhabitants.

DO AQUARIUM PLANTS NEED FERTILIZER?

All living things need nutrients to have a good life, in the case of aquarium plants it is no different. If you want your plants to live well and not only survive, it is necessary to fertilize them with very important nutrient supplements that may or may not be in their natural habitat.

  • Macronutrients They are those that plants consume in very high amounts and are summarized in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus.
  • Micronutrients They are those that are consumed in less quantities, but are equally important for the development of plants. Iron, boron, and manganese are some of the micronutrients in aquarium plants.

When some of these nutrients begin to run out in the aquarium, the plant is most likely to suffer from growing problems, and on some occasions, plants may stop growing.

MACRONUTRIENTS OF PLANTED AQUARIUMS

Carbon:  Carbon is sometimes not taken into account as a macronutrient, but CO2 is the main molecule that plants need to feed and grow. Plant photosynthesis works by converting CO2 into O2 and this is a molecule that the plant uses for every part of its life process. Living, growing, reproducing are phases in which these plant species need CO2.

This molecule does not contain Carbon, but it also contains Hydrogen and Oxygen and other macro and micronutrients that are important for plants. Normally, CO2 is obtained in the air, but because these plants are submerged, they get it in water because CO2 dissolves in water. It reaches this point due to the remains expelled by the fish when breathing both by plants and by fish, snails, bacteria, etc.

Normally, when there are few plants, it is not necessary to supplement with CO2, but when the inhabitants increase, it is necessary to increase this supplement because the natural biological activity begins to be insufficient.

Nitrogen: The nitrogen cycle is a natural process that takes place through the biological activity of the aquarium inhabitants. Nitrogen ends up turning into ammonia and ammonia. Aerobic bacteria are responsible for metabolizing this chemical for the use of plants. It is necessary to increase the level of Oxygen to increase aerobic bacteria.

Match: This is a mineral that is not directly absorbed by plants, but they need it to be in the form of phosphate. Phosphorus helps plants transmit amino acids and promotes the growth of new tissues. In many cases, the energy they obtain from light ends up being stored and converted into phosphorus to breathe and synthesize their proteins.

Plants absorb phosphorus in the form of monovalent ions that are available in higher or lower concentrations depending on the pH level. If there is not enough phosphorus, the plant is most likely suffering from very dark colored leaves., accompanied by a weakening of the leaves and they become more susceptible to diseases.

THE MICRONUTRIENTS OF PLANTED AQUARIUMS

Iron: This is a mineral that plays a fundamental role in the life of plants. In water it is found in the form of organic ferrous and ferric salts in the form of colloids, but for it to be assimilated by plants it must be in neutral or slightly acidic waters.

The calcium and Iron are inversely proportional, so that waters that have high levels of Calcium, this precipitates towards the substrate and cannot be absorbed by plants. When the substrate is not in good condition, Iron can be assimilated by the molecules that are present in the water due to biological activity.

Potassium: Normal potassium levels in an aquarium are between 5 - 40 ppm, and although tap water has some potassium in it, this is not sufficient for life in a planted aquarium. When there is not enough of this micronutrient, certain brown holes can be observed in the leaves of plants.

It is also observed that the new leaves grow much smaller and with a yellowish color. The best thing for these cases is to give a Potassium fertilizer and change the configuration of the light and the amount of CO2. It is necessary to bear in mind that some Potassium fertilizers alter the amount of Nitrogen and Phosphorus.

Micronutrients, being required in smaller quantities, usually appear in the aquarium with water changes, fish food, substrate, stones, etc. Low Tech aquariums are usually well kept, so it is best to focus on nutrition with the macronutrients.

When it comes to a High Tech aquarium, the opposite happens, it is necessary to maintain fertilizers of all nutrients because plants have more demanding nutritional requirements and tend to absorb them more quickly. If this is one of the aquariums you have at home, this unevenness will be noticed very soon.

SOLID FERTILIZER FOR AQUARIUMS

This type of fertilizer is the most recommended for Cryptocoryne because they go directly to the rhizome of the plant, being able to completely absorb the micronutrients. Those that are high in Iron are the best option because they prevent many diseases in plants. As well they are ideal for keeping a clean aquarium because they are designed not to melt in water, but on a more solid surface such as the roots of the plants and function as a reservoir that releases the nutrients over the course of several weeks.

If you have another set of plants like the Echinodorus or Lotus -which share the same nutritional needs as Cryptocorynes-, this is a good option because with a fertilizer you can solve the nutritional supplementation of all. These compost tablets can also be used very well by upholstery plants and fast-growing plants.

WHAT TO CONSIDER WHEN BUYING A PASS FOR CRYPTOCORYNE?

It is important to know that you cannot pay with just one product, since they hardly contain all the nutrients that Cryptocoryne need. On the other hand, if you have more than one species of aquatic plants, you must think about the particular needs of each one.

A macronutrient supplement that contains Nitrogen, Carbon and Phosphorus that has other micronutrients such as Sulfur, Calcium, Iron, Zinc, are the most complete. The so-called fertilizers NCP They are usually easy to use and recommended for planted aquariums.

Micronutrients are usually more or less abundant in the water chain itself, so you can opt for a substrate with micronutrients once a week. However, even though they are present in the water, micronutrient supplementation should not be neglected because some of them, when they are not in the necessary quantities, are the main causes of diseases and weakness in plants.

CAN THE FERTILIZER BE USED TO 

PLANTS IN AN AQUARIUM WITH FISH?

Because community aquariums are ecosystems where animal and plant species with different needs coexist, you have to maintain a lot care about the fertilizers that each one receives. Most planted aquariums share water and nutrients with fish, so you need to think about un compost that does not harm the fish.

Over time, fertilizers for plants take more into account the health of fish, so they are being designed not to interfere with the diet and life of fish and invertebrates.

The best recommendation is to read each ingredient contained in fertilizers to rule out some toxic agents such as copper that can be very harmful to fish.

SUBSTRATE FOR CRYPTOCORYNE

When planted aquariums have fish, organic waste from animals is converted into nitrates that plants use as food. Nevertheless, these nitrates are not enough for plants, so it must absorb the nutrients from the substrate.

The substrate, mainly, It is responsible for being the space to root the plants and that they do not move and also to obtain nutrients. It is necessary to choose between all types of substrate to choose the best for each plant species found in the aquarium. There are two classes of general substrates; the inert ones and the nutritious ones. Let's see how each one works. 

INERT SUBSTRATES

Many people think that the only function of an inert substrate is aesthetics, but it is not. This type of substrate helps in filtering the water because nitrifying bacteria nest on its surface that keep the aquarium cleaner.

Most do not affect the water parameters because they do not have a chemical impact on the aquarium, but certain precautions must be taken. Some types of sands can alter the pH level if they have coral origin.

Plants that feed on leaves that absorb nutrients from the water chain can live perfectly with an inert substrate that has no impact on their nutrition.

  • Grava. It is easy to care for its look and feel, but note that sand and gravel are not exactly the same. The stones that make up these two substrates are very different. Inert gravel substrate is one of the most popular in home aquariums and there are several reasons for this. First of all, it is much easier to handle because it does not cake in the bottom of the aquarium as sand usually does. On the other hand, its price is more accessible for those who start an aquarium and must buy all their equipment.
  • Sand. This is a much finer type of substrate. This is a substrate that aesthetically contributes a lot to the aquarium, but it may also be the best option depending on the biotype they need, for example, fish that need fine substrate because they are burrowers. To handle it in a better way, it must be placed as the last element. In the event that it can alter the pH of the water, do not use coral sand. Silica sands that have no effect on the composition of the water are a good option.

NUTRITIVE SUBSTRATES

This type of substrate looks a lot like those used for garden plants or those in the pots so that the plants have everything they need. The fundamental difference that exists between the substrates of garden plants and those of aquatic plants, is that the latter they do not have toxic agents that can harm fish. Although aquarium substrates also alter chemical water levels, they do not do so negatively when used correctly.

It is necessary to investigate the specific compounds of each nutrient substrate because some are specifically recommended for some types of plants.

  • Complete substrates. These are the best substrates because they are made to cover all the macro and micronutrient needs that most plants need. But not everything is good because ammonia levels tend to increase dramatically, which can be good when you start cycling the water, but it is important to maintain good management.

The plants must be inside the aquarium as soon as this type of substrate is placed to prevent these nutrients from working as food for algae pests. When you start cycling the water with this type of substrate, water changes of at least 50% of the water should be made once a week.

  • Multi-substrate. These are very functional substrates because they are used by incorporating different layers of substrate to achieve various levels of nutrition. It is usually used with a first thin layer of sand, followed by an intermediate layer of some nutritious substrate and the last top layer that can be composed of sand, gravel or a combination of the two. This way of using it helps to maintain a greater control over the chemical levels of the water.

CYCLING THE WATER IN AN AQUARIUM

When you bring an aquarium home, it is nothing more than an urn filled with water with a filter that moves it, but for this to become a healthy ecosystem, it is necessary to cycle the water. If fish or plants are introduced without cycling well, they will most likely become ill very soon or die.

This process is responsible for creating colonies of bacteria They are converted into nitrosamines, nitrobacter and other porous agents that become home to the living things in the aquarium. These bacteria take time to develop and this is the process known as aquarium cycling.

When an aquarium has not had a fair cycle, ammonia do not have time to convert into nitrates - less dangerous toxic compounds. In these cases it is very likely that these levels are too toxic and the gills of the fish are burned, also the plants begin to suffer from chlorosis and other diseases.

HOW IS A WATER CYCLING MADE?

Although it seems a difficult subject because of bacteria, nitrates and nitrites, It is not that difficult and most of all, a matter of time. First, the aquarium must be assembled with the final appearance it should have, then it is filled with water and the filter is put into operation. The plants are incorporated according to the needs of the plants. Some species, such as cryptocorynes, they need to enter your aquarium that is already cycled. If they are introduced into new aquariums, they will most likely suffer greatly.

The cycling time of an aquarium depends on many factors, but an average of 1 month. During these days, it is recommended to add a few pieces of fish food so that the filter bacteria have something to feed on and grow on. This meal can be made once a week.

After two or three days of setting up the aquarium, the water will most likely turn cloudy and whitish in color. this is a good sign that the filter is starting to cycle. After this stage the water will become more transparent.

The best way to know if the aquarium is already cycled is to do a test. When there are nitrates in the aquarium, but not nitrites, this is the point where fish and some plants can enter. In the case of avoiding the tests, you can wait 3 to 4 weeks and at this point some fish can be integrated and the water will have good conditions to receive them together with the plants.

There are some products to speed up the cycling process, but time is the best way to do it. However, this process can be accelerated in other ways. bacteria from a healthy, cycled aquarium can be added to the new aquarium. You can also put half of the filter material from a mature aquarium in the new aquarium.

Caring for Cryptocorynes is not very difficult once it is known how these plants live. This is a plant species that does not receive the changes very well, so it is better to avoid altering the water parameters too much. It must be taken into account that the water parameters must be stable for any living being in the aquarium.

When a Cryptocoryne arrives in an aquarium, You need to be patient because these are slow growing plants. It is also necessary to be patient in the face of the setback that this plant can suffer at first. Once the plant knows and feels good in the aquarium, its care is what any type of plant should receive.

It must be remembered that all living beings in an aquarium need the conditions that best recreate their life in natural habitat.. All the parameters of the aquarium must match, as best as possible, those found in nature so that they can grow up healthy and happy.

For any other question, or explore more about the world of aquariums and fish, you can visit our blog.

Other articles of interest may be:
How to Eliminate Aquarium Algae - Causes and Most Effective Treatments
Caridines and Neocaridines - File and Care Aquarium Prawns

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